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治理APP广告“乱跳转” 就该有“硬标准”******
□吴睿鸫
“手机APP开屏广告，‘摇一摇’就‘乱跳转’”“走着路打开软件，手机不小心晃一下就自动跳转”……如今，APP“摇一摇”功能日益普及，增强了使用的便捷性，但部分应用出现“乱跳转”现象，给用户带来了困扰。近期，在工信部指导下，中国信通院、电信终端产业协会联合多家行业重点企业制定并发布实施相关标准，以规范“乱跳转”问题，切实保护用户合法权益。(2月1日《人民日报》)
久被诟病的“弹窗广告”，在相关职能部门进行多轮整治后，已有所收敛，可“摇一摇”式开屏广告又冒了出来。稍有摇晃，手机就会自动进入广告详情页面、跳转打开广告相关软件甚至直接进入软件下载页面，给消费者带来新的困扰与烦恼。
对于APP广告“乱跳转”现象，江苏省消保委曾发起过关于《APP开屏广告“摇一摇”，你怎么看？》的投票，结果显示91%的消费者表示曾遇到过“摇一摇”等类似形式开屏广告，92%的消费者表示了厌恶。这意味着，这类APP广告“乱跳转”已影响到了公众的日常生活。
《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》明确规定，消费者享有自主选择商品或者服务的权利；经营者未经消费者同意或者请求，或者消费者明确表示拒绝的，不得向其发送商业性信息。《互联网广告管理暂行办法》中也规定，不得以欺骗方式诱使用户点击广告内容。而“摇一摇”就“乱跳转”式开屏广告，在某种程度上变相强制手机使用者接受广告推送、下载APP，损害了用户的知情权与选择权，是在公然侵犯消费者的合法权益。
更为重要的是，这些App通过“摇一摇”实现进入广告，调取了手机的传感数据，而这些数据的获取，并未取得消费者同意与授权，这不仅有悖个人信息保护相关法律法规，而且也给消费者个人数据安全带来极大的潜在隐患。
令人欣慰的是，工信部开始联合多部门，对APP广告“乱跳转”进行有效整治，出台了三项“货真价实”的“硬标准”：一，强化明示告知义务。向用户清晰明示要执行或触发的交互动作及结果预期。二，细化参数设置参值。将“摇一摇”动作的设备加速度设置为不小于15米每平方秒，转动角度不小于35度，操作时间不少于3秒，来确保APP在走路、乘车、拾起放下终端设备等日常生活场景中，不会出现误触发而跳转的情况。三，保障用户选择权。未经用户主动选择同意，不得强迫下载、安装、打开APP，不得使用欺骗误导用户的图片、文字和链接进行页面跳转或使用第三方APP。
可以预见，通过工信部、市场监管总局、中国信通院等部门协同配合，持续发力，久久为功，把制度标准真正落实到位，将能更好地维护消费者的合法权益，给消费者营造良好的信息消费氛围。
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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